Before getting down to
the specifics of how to buy concrete in Moscow, it is first important to
understand what the modulus of elasticity of concrete actually is. The modulus
is basically a measure of the amount of "flexing" that takes place
when the concrete is stressed. Modulus is calculated in shear and compressive
strengths. Shear means the amount of force that a solid gives while compressive
strength is equal to the weight of that object multiplied by the specific
weight per unit volume. For instance, the amount of elasticity in a rubber band
is directly related to the amount of stretching that takes place as it is
stretched. The more it can stretch, the higher its modulus.
Now that we know what
modulus refers to, we can move on to concrete itself. A sheet of concrete is
made up of particles that have different properties depending on which way they
are facing. Face on one side may be brittle while face on the other may be
quite strong. When these two sides come into contact with each other they both
will undergo shearing and compressive bending. Once the two sides come into
contact with each other again, they will undergo compression and will no longer
be able to support themselves due to their weakened properties.
The amount of modulus
is therefore dependent on the nature of the particles that make up the
concrete. For instance, if you were to mix cement and water you would end up
with cement that has a higher modulus of elasticity of concrete. The higher the
modulus of elasticity of concrete, the stronger the structure of the material.
On the other hand, if you were to mix ordinary gravel and water, the result would
be the same as that of cement.
The amount of stress
that is placed on a concrete structure depends on the nature of the load that
it is expected to bear. If you take for instance a heavy load of soil on a
road, you will find that the soil compresses on the road due to its weight. As
a result, there is a deformation of the road. This will in turn result in
greater stress being placed on the concrete and therefore, higher modulus of
elasticity of concrete required to support the load.
There are many factors
that determine how much stress is placed on a concrete structure. These include
the amount of material that is used in making the concrete, the temperature of
the building when it is made and the amount of water used for cleaning and
maintenance purposes. Of all these, the amount of external loads is the most
important. External loads refer to any force that acts on the material such as
walking, tires or even wind. The amount of internal load is less important,
since its effect is usually negligible compared to the external load.
A given concrete can
undergo four different changes in its modulus. These changes are called
compression, tension, torsion and shearing. The amount of change in modulus is
directly proportional to the amount of work exerted on the material. This means
that if an object is worked upon at a greater amount, the modulus of elasticity
of that object will be greater as well.
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